Giants option status

Time to look at the current 40 man roster (as of January 30, 2014), to see who has remaining options and not.

A quick review:
Players on the 40-man who are not on the active 25-man roster must either be on a disabled list (regular, bereavement, concussion), ineligible list or on optional assignment (ie options or optioned down).

An optioned player is still protected by being on the 40-man, but not on the active roster. A player must be placed on the 40-man after his fifth full season of professional baseball or risk being lost in the Rule 5 draft (there are technicalities of what constitutes a full season, ie 90 days on a pro roster, which would usually exclude a season in which a player drafted only plays in a short-season league).

After being placed on the 40-man, the team has three seasons of which they can place a player on options. These seasons do not necessarily need to be in consecutive years. An option year is officially used if a player is optioned between the start of the season and August 31 and spends more than 20 consecutive days in the minors.

A player optioned to the minors must spend a minimum of 10 days in the minors, unless he is recalled earlier to replace a MLB player placed on the DL. Also, a player can be recalled in less than 10 days if that minor league team's season ends (ie a player is optioned August 31 to AAA ball; the AAA season ends Sept. 2; thus the player is eligible for recall on Sept. 3).

A player sent to the minors on a injury rehab is not considered an option.

Being Designated For Assignment does not count as an option being used. A player DFAd for the first time in his career, if he clears waivers, must accept an outright assignment to the minors. After that, if he clears waivers, he can elect free agency.

A great source for contract info is Cot's Contracts.

Also, any player who has five or more years of Major League service can refuse any minor league assignment (including optional assignment). These players for the Giants include:

P Matt Cain
P Tim Lincecum
P Tim Hudson
P Jeremy Affeldt
P Sergio Romo
P Ryan Vogelson
P Santiago Casilla
P Javier Lopez
2B Marco Scutaro
3B Pablo Sandoval
OF Hunter Pence
OF Angel Pagan
OF Michael Morse

For the rest

P Madison Bumgarner (1 used in 2010; 2 remain)
P Yusmeiro Petit (none; used by FLA in 2006, by ARI in 2007, 2008)*
P George Kontos (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
P David Huff (none; used by CLE in 2010, 2011, 2012)
P Erik Cordier (2 used by ATL in 2011, 2012; 1 remains)
P Jose De Paula (2 used by SD in 2012, 2013; 1 remains)
P Jake Dunning (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
P Edwin Escobar (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
P Kendry Flores (none used; 3 remain)
P Heath Hembree (none used; 3 remain)
P Michael Kickham (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
P Jean Machi (no options remain; used by TB in 2005, 2006, SF in 2013)*
P Hunter Strickland (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
C Buster Posey (1 used in 2010; 2 remain)
C Hector Sanchez (2 used in 2011, 2013; 1 remains)
1B Brandon Belt (1 used in 2011; 2 remain)
1B Angel Villalona (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
SS Brandon Crawford (1 used in 2011; 2 remain)
INF Joaquin Arias (no options remain; used by TEX in 2006, 2008, 2009)*
INF Tony Abreu (no options remain; used by LA in 2007, 2009, by ARI in 2010)
INF Nick Noonan (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
INF Ehire Adrianaza (no options remain; used 2011, 2012, 2013)
INF Adam Duvall (none used; 3 remain)
OF Gregor Blanco (no options remain; used by ATL in 2007,2009, 2010)
OF Gary Brown (none used; 3 remain)
OF Juan Perez (1 used in 2013; 2 remain)
OF Roger Kieschnick (2 used in 2012, 2013; 1 remains)

*older transaction information not found in MLB.com archives; used educated guess